During the Japanese occupation, the Health Section of the Police Department in Taichung State was in charge of health and sanitation affairs of the county.

　　 After the restoration of Taiwan, the County Government set up a Health Section under the Bureau of Civil Affairs. In 1946, the Health Section was upgraded to be Taichung County Health Institute with four branches in Jiji, Zhushan, Puli and Dongshi and the unfinished tuberculosis (TB) treatment clinic was built during the occupation period. The Institute later moved from Taichung City to Yuanlin Township. In November 1948, the regulations for the organization of health institutes were amended. To improve the health care system of Taiwan Province, the branches became health offices and more health offices were set up in various townships. By the end of 1949, fifty-nine township health offices were set up in old Taichung County with a total of 305 health professionals. In October 1950, administrative divisions of the Province were re-adjusted and the present Taichung County was established. The original Health Institute was kept, along with 21 township health offices and the TB clinic. Later, the Institute was moved from present day Yuanlin Township to Fengyuan City, using several bungalows as office building. In 1954 and 1957, with the funding of the former Provincial Health Administration and Agriculture Restoration Committee, a new office building and laboratory were built at No. 498, Zhongshan Road, Fengyuan Township. A dormitory for medical professionals was built in 1959. In January 1977, with the new office building completed for the County Government, the old building at No. 498, Zhongshan Road, Fengyuan Township was sold. The Bureau first moved to No. 21, Xi-an Street, Fengyuan City, then to No. 136, Zhongxing Road, Fengyuan City in June 1996. Currently, the Public Health Bureau has 22 health offices spread in 21 townships, including Lishan Health Office and the County Institute for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases.